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Micro Piles |
Pressure Grouting |
Rock Anchors |
Permeation Grouting
Soil Nailing |
Compaction Grouting |
Micropiles |
Injection Grouting |
Chemical Grouting
Our
techniques apply when adding new structures:
especially
rock anchor,
microfine cement,
soil nailing,
micropile
installations for
foundation support.
We
specialize in
slope stabilization,
anchors,
permeation grouting,
foundation repair
and support,
grouting,
soil nails,
rock drilling,
micropile installations, and
sinkholes. We
use a
problem-solving approach geotechnical
architecture of buildings, bridges,
water plants, sewage plants, tunnels,
sinkholes,
caisson,
shoring,
underpinning,
agriculture, and
roads
construction. We
are experienced in these applications:
micro piles,
sinkhole repair,
permeation grouting, pressure
grout,
soil nails,
chemical grouting,
micropiles,
compaction grout, and
rock anchors.
Our specialties are
rock anchor,
acrylamide and
compaction grouting,
mini piles,
sinkhole repair,
micropiles,
acrylamide grouting, and
soil nailing.
We will continue to dedicate ourselves to
excellence,
including
insurance mortgage, in our performance, in our
integrity, and in our relationships with our
customers. We will carefully weigh our
decisions, actions, and results to make sure
that we remain the most trusted name in the
geotechnical contracting industry. Please
visit our website
http://www.rembco.com/.
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7
CHAPTER
JULY
1997
CALTRANS FOUNDATION MANUAL
7-1
Driven Piles
History
Piles are braced, structural columns that are driven, pushed or otherwise forced into the
soil. Early primitive man found that pile foundations were very useful in that they allowed
construction of a home high above the water or the land and out of reach of marauding
animals and warring neighbors.
Piles can be classified as friction piles in either compression or tension (or both), end
bearing piles, or a combination of the two. Piles can also be used to generate lateral
stability in foundations. Largely by the expensive method of trial and error, early builders
discovered that when soil strata immediately beneath a structure were weak and compress-
ible, the foundation should be lowered until more suitable soils were reached. It has also
been discovered that, in some cases, there may be a need to develop a hold-down force
through the piling. This is accomplished by driving piles that resist uplifting by utilizing
tension forces developed between the soil and the pile.
Two types of foundations were developed through the ages to meet the need of supporting
structures on deep soil; piles and piers. Piles, by far, are the more commonly used.
The City of Venice was built in the marshy delta of the Poe River because the early Italians
wanted to live in safety from the warring Huns of Central Europe. The buildings of Venice
are supported on timber piles, driven centuries ago, through the soft mud onto a layer of
boulders below. When the bell tower of St. Mark’s, built in 900 A.D., fell in 1902, the timber
piles in the foundation were found to be in such a good state of preservation that they were
used to support the reconstructed tower.
For centuries, timber was normally used for piles. The first concrete piles were introduced in
Europe in 1897, and the first concrete piles were driven in America in 1904 by the Raymond
Pile Company. Timber piles were usually driven to under 25 Tons bearing, but the new