Foundation Specifications 0093

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Many different hammer types are used in the pile industry today. In the very recent past one

could expect to see, predominantly, the single acting diesel hammer in use on most jobs.

With the onset of retrofit work and new construction in areas with low overhead clearances,

the use of double/differential acting hammers and hammers that require only a limited

overhead clearance are finding their way to the job site. Specific job requirements, be it

limited space, noise levels, or unusual tip or bearing requirements will tend to dictate the

type of hammer used.

The pile hammer is not only the production tool for the Contractor, it is also a measuring

device for the Engineer. A working knowledge of pile hammers, their individual parts and

accessories, and their basis for operation and the associated terminology is essential for the

Following is a partial list of different types of hammers available today with a brief descrip-

tion of their limiting characteristics.

Invented centuries ago, the drop hammer is still in use today. Although modernized

somewhat, the basic principle of operation remains the same. A weight is lifted a measured

distance by means of a rope or cable and allowed to drop, striking a pile cap block. The

available potential energy is calculated by multiplying the known weight of the hammer

times its height of fall.

One variation of the drop hammer currently finding its way to the job site is one which

requires only a minimal amount of head room. The idea is one which utilizes a pipe pile

with a large enough diameter to allow the pile hammer to move up and down inside the

pipe’s walls. The hammer impacts onto a “stop” built into the bottom, inside of the pipe

pile. As the pile is driven, the impact occurs near the tip of the pile. In fact the pile is

actually pulled down into position in lieu of being pushed. This configuration minimizes

the need for the additional overhead clearance (leads, crane, etc.).

This type of hammer is limited to use only when specifically allowed by the Special Provi-

sions. Hammer weight and stroke restrictions will be found in Section 49-1.05 of the

Standard Specifications.