Foundation Specifications 0162

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Slurry Displacement Piles

the polymer slurry to the existing ground conditions. Caltrans has little experience with

chemical additives and their use should be discussed with the Office of Structural Founda-

tions and the Office of Structure Construction in Sacramento before approval is given for

their use. In general, modifying the pH of the polymer slurry with chemical additives is not

a problem. The contract specifications also require the manufacturer representative’s

presence until the Engineer is confident that the Contractor has a good working knowledge

of how to use the product, after which the manufacturer’s representative can be released.

This can usually be accomplished with the completion of one pile.

Polymer drilling slurries can be used in most types of ground formations. However, the

contract specifications state that polymer slurries shall not be used in soils classified as

“soft” or “very soft” cohesive soils. There are two reasons for this. First, polymer slurries will

encapsulate and cause settlement of clay particles from the soil cuttings. These encapsu-

lated clay particles are similar in appearance and size as sand particles and will cause

excessively high false readings of the sand content test value. This problem may also occur

in soils that are only slightly cohesive. To overcome this problem, the Contractor should use

a dilute bleach solution instead of water to wash the fines through the #200 mesh screen

during the sand content test. This will break up the encapsulated clay particles so they will

wash through the #200 mesh screen. Second, as of 1994, the polymer slurry manufacturers

have not completed the research necessary to show that their products function properly in

soils defined as “soft” or “very soft” cohesive soils. If this research is successfully completed,

the contract specifications may be amended to remove this limitation.

Disposal of polymer slurries is somewhat easier than disposal of mineral slurries. The

manufacturers of the approved polymer slurries are attempting to get approval for different

disposal techniques. However, until they do so, the contract specifications require all

material resulting from the placement of piles, including drilling slurry, shall be disposed of

outside of the highway right-of-way as described in Section 7-1.13 of the Standard Specifi-

cations unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. The Engineer may allow disposal by

other means if the proper permits are secured or permission is obtained from the appropri-

ate regulatory agency. Other means of disposal include placing the polymer slurry in a

lined drying pit and allowing it to evaporate. The dried solids then can be disposed of in a

similar fashion as other jobsite spoils. Polymer slurries can also be broken down to the

viscosity of plain water with chemical additives, allow time for solids to settle out, and then

be disposed of as clarified waste water. Permission must be obtained from the responsible

authority, usually the California Regional Water Quality Control Board or the local sanita-

tion district, for this type of disposal. The dried solids can be disposed of as mentioned