Foundation Specifications 0175

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Slurry Displacement Piles

CALTRANS FOUNDATION MANUAL

materials that were held in suspension by the drilling slurry that settled out of suspension

either before or during the concrete placement operation. These materials can also be the

result of improper cleaning of the base of the drilled hole. These materials can be trapped at

the bottom of the pile by concrete placement as shown in Figure 9-22(a) or they can be

enveloped and lifted by the fluid concrete only to become caught by the rebar cage or

against the sides of the drilled hole and not be displaced by the fluid concrete as shown on

Figure 9-22(b). These materials can also fall out of suspension and settle onto the head of

concrete during concrete placement, become enveloped by the concrete, and attach to the

rebar cage or the sides of the drilled hole as previously described. These deposits will register

on the pile testing results as areas of lower density than that of sound concrete. Excessive

amounts of settled materials can occur in mineral slurries that were not properly cleaned or

agitated and carry inordinate amounts of suspended materials. Excessive amounts of settled

materials can occur in polymer slurries when not enough time is allowed for the materials

to settle out before the final cleaning of the bottom of the drilled hole or if the polymer

slurry becomes contaminated from clay-particle encapsulation.

Another reason for pile defects is due to improper drilling slurry handling. If mineral

slurries are not properly mixed and are not allowed to properly hydrate, they can form balls

or clumps that can become attached to the rebar cage and not be removed by concrete

placement as is shown in Figure 9-23. Mineral slurries that remain in the drilled hole for

too long can form a filter cake that is too thick for the fluid concrete to scour off the sides of

the drilled hole as is shown in Figure 9-24. Mineral and polymer slurries that carry an

excessive load of suspended materials can be subject to precipitation if an unexpected

chemical reaction takes place. This is possible if the concrete is dropped through the