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   PART 1 - GENERAL

    01 WORK INCLUDED

    A. Provide all labor, materials, tools and services required for installation of complete piping systems as described on the drawings and by the requirements herein.

    B. Qualify welding procedures, welders, and operators in accordance with ASME B31.1, or ASME B31.9, as applicable for shop and project site welding of piping work.

    C. Certify brazing procedures, brazers and operators in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, for shop and site brazing of piping work.

   PART 2 - PRODUCTS

    02 HOT WATER PIPING

    A. Hot water piping 2-1/2" and larger shall be Schedule 40 black steel. Piping shall be seamless ASTM A120 piping suitable for system pressures up to 150 psig. Fittings shall be butt weld fittings of the same weight as the pipe. The following shall apply:

    1. Flange shall be weld neck type.

    2. Weld ells shall be long radius.

    3. Weld fittings shall be hot forged per ANSI B16-9.

    4. Weldolets may be used in lieu of manufactured tees for branches 2 pipe sizes smaller than main. Field cut/fabricated fittings will not be permitted.

    B. Hot water piping 2" and smaller shall be Type L copper. Piping shall be seamless, hard drawn copper. Fittings shall be sweat joint wrought copper sweep pattern fittings joined by soldering with 95-5 solder. Pipe fitting bushings and compression joints will not be permitted.

    C. Join steel piping with copper piping with dielectric coupling consisting of cast iron union with bronze to iron ground joint.

    D. Mechanical joining by means of roll groove fittings may be used in lieu of welding. Installation shall be in strict accordance with manufacturers recommendations.

   PART 3 - EXECUTION

    03 INSTALLATION

    A. Clean inside of pipe before installing it. Keep installed piping clean, and protect ends from foreign matter by capping or plugging them.

    B. Install pipe so that it does not interfere with: Opening of doors or apparatus; access to equipment; any portion of electrical equipment.

    C. Do not install pipes in such a way that they will apply torque to pumps. After pumps have been installed and pumps have been operated, recheck and realign pumps if necessary.

    D. Run pipes in straight lines and square with building. Install risers plumb. Make offsets only where indicated and where necessary.

    E. Install pipes so that expansion and contraction will not cause undue stress or strain to pipes or equipment. Provide loops, offsets, and expansion joints as shown on drawings. If, in contractor's opinion, inadequate loops or offsets are shown, contact mechanical engineer for instructions.

    F. Provide flanges and unions throughout the pipe systems to make installation and removal of piping and equipment convenient. Make provisions for servicing and removal of equipment without dismantling piping.

    G. Slope steam pipes and steam condensate drain pipes at 1/4" per 10 feet. Do not rise condensate pipe except at ends of main drips.

    H. Piping shall be hung so that equipment does not bear piping load. Provide additional small piping not shown on drawings required in connection with instruments, gauges, traps, etc. not shown on drawings.

    I. Install isolation valves in each pipe connection to equipment.

    J. Plug type balancing valves shall be installed as shown on the Drawings and as required to balance the system.

    K. Tees shall be installed to prevent "bullheading". Tees in the same line shall be located a minimum 10 pipe diameters apart.

    L. Pipe dependent on gravity drainage shall be sloped minimum 1/8 inch per foot of horizontal run (e.g. condensate).

    M. Furnish and install dielectric couplings for piping connections of dissimilar metals.

    04 PIPE JOINTS

    A. Preparing Pipe Ends:

    1. Cut pipe ends square with pipe cutters only. Do not use hack saws or torch.

    2. Ream pipe ends, after cutting, to full diameter.

    3. Where pipe is to be threaded, die-cut right hand, pipe stand, clean cut, full depth, taper threads. Make threaded joints so that they will be leakproof without caulking.

    4. Apply a thin coat of approved pipe lubricant to male threads only.

    5. Where pipe is to be welded, die-cut end of butt joints at 30 degree taper. Weld should have a full penetration with no bubbles or holes. Remove all slag.

    B. Soldered and Brazed Joints:

    1. Make soft copper pipe joints with suitable flux and 95/5 solder.

    2. Make type K copper pipe joints with suitable flux and high melt point silver solder or phos-copper solder.

    C. Bracing Joints:

    1. Provide braces and bridle rods as required to reinforce joints.

    2. If mechanical lock type couplings are used, then prepare pipe ends and make joints in accordance with pipe coupling manufacturer's printed instructions.

    D. Bracing Joints:

    1. Provide braces and bridle rods as required to reinforce joints.

    2. Where large pipes underground are subject to shock because of sudden changes in liquid flow rate, provide concrete thrust blocks at joints, fittings, and changes of pipe direction.

    3.02 ESCUTCHEONS

    A. Provide chrome plated escutcheons where uninsulated pipes penetrate walls of finished spaces.

    3.03 AIR VENTING

    A. Provide manually operated air vents at high points in vertical risers, and at each water coil to eliminate air from systems. Vents are required at reheat coils.

    B. Ball valves shall be used for this purpose.

    3.04 VALVE ACCESS

    A. Locate shut off and control valves for easy access and operation. Where valves are located in enclosed spaces, access doors and installation is under other divisions of these specifications.

    3.05 CONTROL SYSTEM CONNECTORS

    A. Weld connectors at points indicated, and at other points where necessary for installation of thermometers and automatic controls.

    3.06 RECHECKING AND REPAIRING

    A. Before piping is concealed, recheck it for leaks.

    B. Rework or replace defective and leaking joints, and joints which are otherwise unsatisfactory. Peening, caulking, and doping are not permitted.

   END OF SECTION