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   PART 1 - GENERAL

    01 WORK INCLUDED

    A. Work required under this section consists of insulation for piping and duct systems and equipment specified in Division 15.

    B. Contractor shall provide all necessary labor, materials, tools and equipment to perform work required on the drawings and specified herein.

    C. Certain equipment and/or systems to be factory insulated by manufacturer. Factory insulation materials to be as specified in applicable sections of the specifications.

    D. All pipe fittings, valves, and strainers to be insulated.

    E. Thermal resistance "R" values used herein are expressed in units of "Hour Degrees F. Sq. Ft./BTU per Inch of Thickness" on a flat surface at a mean temperature of 75 degrees F., unless specifically noted.

    F. Note that where electric cable wrap is called for, insulation to be applied over cable.

    G. "Contractor's Option' referred to in Materials below indicates optional materials which may be used as equals; i.e., chill water piping may be insulated with fiberglass or foamglass.

    02 DEFINITIONS

    A. "Exposed" equipment, ducts and piping are areas which will be visible without removing ceilings or opening access panels.

    B. Outdoors is considered exposed to the weather.

    C. Underground is buried, whereas in a formed concrete trench below grade or slab is considered concealed.

    03 CERTIFICATION/QUALITY ASSURANCE

    A. Products shall meet applicable national, model, state, and local building codes and be UL (or other recognized testing lab) listed for intended service.

    B. All insulation, adhesives, coatings, sealers, tapes, shall have a flame spread rating of 25 or less and smoke development of 50 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E-84, NFPA 225, UL 723, and further must meet the requirements of NFPA 90-A where applicable and model and local building, plumbing, and mechanical codes.

    C. All insulation materials shall be delivered and stored in manufacturers' containers and kept free from dirt, water, chemical, and mechanical damage.

    D. Insulation shall be applied in a workmanlike manner by experienced, qualified, workmen.

    E. Insulation shall not be applied until all pressure testing has been completed, inspected and released for insulation application.

    F. Surfaces shall be clean and dry.

    G. Insulation joints shall be butted firmly together and all jackets and tapes shall be smoothly and securely installed.

    H. Insulation for duct, pipe, and equipment for above grade exposed to weather outside building shall be certified as being self-extinguishing for 1" thickness in less than 53 seconds when tested in accordance with ASTM D1692.

    04 SUBMITTALS

    A. Submit products to Architect for approval in accordance with Section 15010.

   PART 2 - PRODUCTS

    05 MATERIALS FOR PIPE AND EQUIPMENT AND APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

    A. Materials for Pipe and Equipment: Provide factory premolded or shop or site mitered segment type insulation for pipe, pipe fittings, and valves. Fitting insulation to be of same thickness and material as adjoining pipe insulation. All insulation and related materials such as tape and mastic to meet national and model building code requirements for fire and smoke development.

    1. Cellular Glass (Foamglass):

    a) Equivalent to Pittsburgh Corning "Foamglass". Product must be guaranteed by manufacturer to have a continuous operational temperature of 2.63.

    b) Mastic for application to pipe and for all butt joints shall be fire resistive pliable mastic equal to Foster CP-30.

    c) Use foamglass for the following services:

    1) Domestic water make-up and condenser water pipe above grade at cooling tower to 18" below grade, 1-1/2" thick.

    2) Underneath cooling coils on built-up units, 2" thick.

    3) Chilled water piping, 2" and less pipe, 1-1/2" thick; 2-1/2" and greater, 2" thick. Contractor may submit as a cost reduction item, the use of high density fiberglass for concealed chill water piping. (Exposed chilled water shall be foamglass only.) Where fiberglass insulation is proposed, piping through rated walls shall be foamglass.

    4) With saddles, instead of other piping insulation (Fiberglass, flexibular elastomeric), to prevent crushing of insulation at hangers.

    5) Piping passing through sleeves as specified in other Division 15 sections and Part 3 hereof.

    2. Flexible Tubular Elastomeric:

    a) Provide fire-retardant closed-cell slip-on flexible type. Product to have continuous operational temperature limit of not less than 220oF. and a minimum "R" value of 2.57. Product to have a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of 50 or less as tested by ASTM E84-75.

    b) Product to be equivalent to Armstrong "AP Armaflex Pipe Insulation".

    c) Applicable products manufactured by Manville, Halstead or Rubatex are acceptable.

    d) Use flexible tubular elastomeric for the following services:

    1) Moisture condensate drains - 1/2" thick.

    2) Horizontal runs of waste lines carrying cold condensate from air conditioning equipment - 1/2" thick.

    3) Refrigerant lines for kitchen freezer and cooler suction lines: 1-1/2" thick (2 layers each 3/4" thick).

    4) Horizontal runs of roof rain leaders - 1/2" thick (contractor option) including roof drain bodies.

    5) Refrigerant piping between HVAC equipment - suction lines, 1-1/2" thick; hot gas lines, 2-1/2" thick.

    3. Flexible Sheet Elastomeric:

    a) Provide closed-cell flexible sheet type, having a minimum "R" value of 3.57.

    b) Product to be "Armaflex AP" as manufactured by Armstrong, or equivalent by Manville, Halstead, or Rubatex.

    c) Use flexible sheet elastomeric insulation for the following services:

    1) Centrifugal, absorption, and rotary screw machine cooler, suction piping, and any chilled water pipe connection housings and other portions of the chiller which might sweat: 1-1/2" thick (2 layers of 3/4" each).

    2) Chilled water pump casings and flanges: 1" thick (2 layers of each).

    4. Glass Fiber:

    a) Provide factory-formed, fiberglass pipe insulated factory-jacketed "system: type conforming strictly to fire-resistive qualities specified in Section 1.03, and having a minimum "R" value of 4.0.

    b) Product to be equivalent to Manville "Micro-Lok 650". Applicable products manufactured by CertainTeed, Knauf or Owens Corning are acceptable. Jacket to be fiberglass reinforced kraft paper with aluminum foil.

    c) Use glass fiber insulation for the following services:

    1) Heating hot water piping, 1" and under: 1" thick; 1-1/4" to 2": 1-1/2" thick; 2-1/2" and greater: 2" thick.

    2) Hot condensate (steam) piping, 2" and under - 1-1/2" thick; 2-1/2" and greater - 2" thick.

    3) Steam piping to 30 psi (saturated), 2" and under - 1-1/2" thick; 2-1/2" and greater - 2" thick.

    4) Steam piping above 60 psi (saturated), 1" and under - 2" thick; 1-1/4" to 4" - 2-1/2" thick; 5" and over - 3" thick.

    5) Steam converter, 2" thick.

    6) Boiler trim including boiler feedwater lines and blowdown piping, and absorption steam generator and piping - 1-1/2" thick.

    7) Glycol heat recovery piping - 1" thick.

    8) Chilled water piping - 1" and under - 1" thick; 1-1/4" and up - 1-1/2" thick.

    5. Semi-Rigid, High Temperature, Fiberglass Board Insulation:

    a) Provide noncombustible semi-rigid, high temperature, fiberglass board insulation, 500oF. or greater snap on jacket as manufactured by CertainTeed. Insulation to be 3 lbs./Cu.Ft. density and to have a minimum "R" value of 2.63. Jacket to be aluminum or ASJ as set forth below. Equal products by Manville, Owens Corning, or Pittsburgh Corning are acceptable.

    b) Use for the following:

    1) Steam supply piping from boilet outlet to main steam header, headers at boilers: 2-1/2" thick-ASJ jacket.

    2) OPTION: Deaerator tank: 2" thick cover with aluminum jacket (if not factory insulated).

    3) Blowdown separator including vents and drain connections: 2" thick-ASJ jacket.

    4) Absorption chiller: Generator, and absorber section: 2" thick cover with aluminum jacket.

    5) OPTION: Domestic hot water tanks: 2" thick cover with aluminum jacket (if not factory insulated).

    6. Calcium Silicate Insulation:

    a) Provide non-combustible, dimensionally stable calcium silicate insulation, maximum density 11 pounds per cubic foot and having a minimum "R" value of l.92 at 450o F. Products shall be as manufactured by Owens Corning, CertainTeed, Pittsburgh Corning, or Manville.

    b) Provide insulation of the following services:

    1) Boiler breeching: 3" thickness.

    2) Boiler stack within boiler room: 3" thickness.

    3) Emergency generator exhaust piping and muffler: 3" thickness.

    4) Finish insulation with 1/2" coat of mineral wool insulating cement, allowed to dry. Apply 1/4" coat of insulating cement over which 8 oz. canvas is applied between coats of white lagging adhesive.

    2.02 MATERIALS FOR DUCTS

    A. Blanket Type Duct Insulation:

    1. Provide minimum 3/4 pound per cubic foot density, flexible, factory reinforced, foil faced.

    2. Kraft vapor barrier glass fiber blanket insulation, having a minimum "R" value of 4.0.

    3. Product to be standard duct wrap as manufactured by Manville, CertainTeed, Knauf, Owens Corning, or equivalent.

    4. Insulation to conform strictly to fire-resistive qualities hereinbefore specified in "Certification" paragraph.

    5. Use blanket type duct insulation for the following:

    a) Unlined conditioned supply ducts concealed from view, 1- 1/2" thick.

    b) Make up air ductwork, 1-1/2" thick.

    c) Ductwork supplying outside air, 1-1/2" thick.

    B. Board Type Duct Insulation:

    1. Provide minimum 3 pound per cubic foot density semi-rigid, factory reinforced foil faced Kraft vapor barrier glass fiber board "system" type insulation, having a minimum "R" value of 4.34. Product to be IB-300 as manufactured by CertainTeed or equivalent by Manville, Knauf, or Owens Corning.

    2. Insulation to conform strictly to fire-resistive qualities hereinbefore specified in "Certification" paragraph.

    3. Use board type duct insulation for the following services:

    a) Supply ducts within equipment rooms: 1-1/2" thick.

    b) Apparatus casing: 1-1/2" thick.

    c) Ducts outside exposed to weather: 1-1/2" thick.

    d) Outside air intake plenums and ductwork and connections to mixing plenums of heating and ventilating units: 1-1/2" thick.

    e) Kitchen range hood exhaust ducts: 1-1/2" thick. (Only where required in horizontal runs by authority having jurisdiction).

    C. Material for Noise Insulation:

    1. Provide a dampening compound to reduce movement and noise generated by vibration of sheet metal. Compound to be noncombustible, have a smooth finish, be receptive to painting, and have a vibration decay rate of not less than 35 decibels per second. Compound to be equivalent to Korfund Dynamics Corporation "Vibradamper type 80".

    2. Provide where shown on drawings.

    2.03 MATERIALS FOR FITTINGS, VALVES, AND SPECIAL COVERINGS

    A. Provide coverings and finishes for specific items hereinafter specified.

    1. Use premolded insulation fabricated by the supplier of insulation material being used on straight runs for:

    a) All pipe fittings, elbows, tees, butterfly valves, couplings.

    b) All grooved coupling installations.

    2. PVC fitting covers over blanket fiberglass are NOT acceptable on fittings.

    B. For heat exchangers, large pipes, etc., in systems operating over 60oF. when exposed-to-view inside building or in equipment rooms, cover insulation with a smoothing coat of Keane Powerhouse cement, one layer of white colored woven glass fabric embedded, and finished with Foster GPM mastic.

    C. For pipe fittings, valves, strainers, air separators and other irregular surfaces, in chilled water or refrigerant systems operating below 60oF. when inside building or in equipment rooms, cover insulation with white colored woven glass fabric embedded in white vapor barrier coating, Foster 30-35 or equal.

    D. For any service when above grade exposed-to-the-weather outside building, cover straight pipe insulation with 0.016" thick aluminum jacket equivalent to Childers and cover fittings with factory formed covers equivalent to Elljacs. 

    E. For any service, except for steam and/or steam condensate, when below grade direct buried, cover straight pipe and fitting insulation with equivalent of Pittsburgh Corning "Pittwrap" or "Pittcoat No. 300 with PC Fabric 79". Valves in systems operating above 60oF. and installed in valve boxes shall not be insulated, however, the valves shall be painted with a rust-resistant product equivalent to Rustoleum.

    F. For flexible tubular elastomeric pipe and fitting insulation when exposed-to-view inside building or exposed to the weather, finish with two coats of fire retardant self-extinguishing vinyl lacquer type highly flexible coating equivalent to Armstrong "Armaflex", custom color blended to match surrounding surfaces.

    G. For externally insulated sheet metal ducts when above grade exposed-to-the-weather outside building, cover duct insulation with glass mesh embedded and adhered to insulation using air drying weatherproof plastic fabricated cutback asphalt adhesive and finish with two coats of gray color flexible fire retardant protective coating having proven ability to withstand to wide range of temperature without cracking or crazing and be highly resistant to damage by bumping and abrasing, equivalent to Armstrong Cork Co. "Insucolor".

    H. For kitchen range hood exhaust duct insulation, when concealed from normal view within building and in equipment rooms, finish with woven wire mesh wrap and one 1/2" thick coat of insulation cement, troweled smooth.

   PART 3 - EXECUTION

    06 GENERAL

    A. No insulation shall be cut where a hanger is located. If hangers have been installed by pipe fitter tradesmen which violates this strict requirement of Owner, notify Owner's Representative immediately.

    B. Piping and duct systems shall be tested and found free of all leaks prior to installation of insulation overing.

    C. All surfaces shall be clean and dry when covering is applied. Covering to be dry when installed and before and during application of any finish, unless such finish requires specifically a wetted surface for application.

    D. All adhesives, cements and mastics shall be compatible with materials applied and shall not attack materials in either wet or dry state.

    E. Install insulation using professional insulators who have adequate experience and ability.

    F. Exposed-to-view insulation shall have a well tailored appearance.

    G. See Section 15120 for sleeves and insulation requirements. Fiberglass pipe insulation shall not pass through fire rated partitions. Insulation shall stop at each side of partition. Install foamglass insulation on chilled water, reheat hot water, or in wall cavity, where lines pass thru rated partitions.

    H. Stop all duct coverings, including jacket and insulation, at fire dampered penetrations of walls, floors above grade and roofs. "Fan-Out" or extend jacketed insulation at least 2" beyond angle frames of fire dampers and secure to structure. Maintain vapor barrier. Where insulated access door is not used, install covering over damper access panel so as to be readily removable and identifiable.

    I. Stop all duct coverings including jacket and insulation at all penetrations of rated firewall walls and smoke partitions. "Fan-Out" or extend jacketed insulation against walls and secure to wall. Seal airtight around duct penetrations of drywall, full circumference. Maintain vapor barrier.

    07 INSTALLATION OF DUCT AND EQUIPMENT COVERING

    A. Apply jacketed blanket type glass fiber covering to ducts pulled snug but not so tight as to compress corners more than 1/4". Use insulation having 2" tab, or cut insulation long enough to allow for "peel off" of insulation from jacket to effect a minimum overlap of 2". Staple lap with flare type staples on 2" centers. Cover standing seams, stiffeners, and braces with same insulation blanket, using 2" jacket lap and staple lap as hereinbefore outlined. Cover and seal all staples with Childers CP-30 reinforced with glass cloth.

    B. Secure jacket to covering using equivalent of Foster No. 85-20 or 85-75 adhesive.

    C. For duct 24" or wider, mechanically fasten insulation to duct bottom, using weld pins or nylon "stick-clip" base plates having self-locking, coating metal or nylon discs, locating fasteners on not over 12" centers laterally and longitudinally. Seal pins as above.

    D. For ducts up to 18" deep, mechanically fasten insulation to duct sides, using one row of pins, plates or discs located on not over 12" centers longitudinally and equidistant laterally between duct top and bottom. For ducts over 24" deep, apply fasteners as before only using minimum of two rows.

    E. Apply jacketed board type glass fiber covering to ducts using weld pins or nylon "stick-clip" base plates having self-locking coated metal or nylon discs; locate fasteners on not over 12" centers laterally and longitudinally. If insulation is grooved to fit around corners, in order to eliminate as many joints as possible, pin as required to hold insulation tight to duct, especially on bottom of duct. Seal pins and joints with Foster 30-56 reinforced with glass cloth.

    F. Cover all joints, rips, tears, punctures, disc heads, staples, or breaks in vapor barrier jacket with 4" wide woven glass fabric tape embedded in equivalent of Childers CP-30 vapor barrier fire resistant adhesive. PRESSURE SENSITIVE TAPE NOT ALLOWED.

    G. Prior to application of flexible sheet elastomeric insulation, thoroughly clean all metal surfaces, making sure that all dirt, scale, loose paint, plaster, and oil has been removed and that surfaces are dry. If surface has been primed, test a two square foot section using adhesive equivalent to Armstrong No. 520 in order to determine whether solvent in adhesive will loosen or lift the primer. If primer is loosened, then remove it. When testing proves acceptable, adhere insulation with smooth side out, using thin but adequate coating of same adhesive. Follow manufacturer's instructions. Coat all butt edges of each sheet. Stagger all joints. Insulate all standing seams or flanges with same thickness of insulation material as that used on main surface.

    08 INSTALLATION OF PIPE AND EQUIPMENT COVERING

    A. Where glass fiber or flexible tubular elastomeric insulation is used on piping sized 2" and larger, inset a section of foamglass or calcium silicate insulation, at hanger or support points, between pipe and metal shield for full length of shield, to prevent crushing of insulation. Where insulation passes through pipe hangers and across trapeze supports, 12" long metal saddles shall be used. Insulation thickness to be same as adjoining glass fiber insulation. On cold pipe, vapor barrier should be carried through the hanger and sealed. Saddles shall be used where rigid (foamglass) insets are not acceptable.

    B. Foamglass insulation shall be strictly applied as follows:

    1. The inside full surface of the insulation and both the circumferential and longitudinal joints shall be buttered with fire-resistive pliable sealer. Voids and cracks shall be filled with sealer. Mastic shall be Foster CP-95-44 or equal. Insulation shall be secured with 3" wide aluminum bands on 8" centers.

    2. The circumferential joints shall be staggered.

    3. Fittings, valves, flanges, traps, and air vents shall be insulated with the same thickness of insulation using factory fabricated fitting sections or premolded insulated fittings.

    4. Block type insulation shall be adhered by stick-clips or bands, in addition to the sealer, as required to provide support for the insulation.

    5. Finish above furred ceiling and in chases shall be the bare insulation.

    6. Finish in equipment rooms and elsewhere where exposed-to-view shall be white 8 oz. canvas, paintable jacket.

    7. Finish where exposed-to-the-weather shall be .016 inch thick, Childers or equal, aluminum jacket on lines and Elljacs, or equal, preformed aluminum covering on fittings.

    8. Finish on underground insulation shall be Pittsburgh Corning Pittwrap as recommended by manufacturer.

    B. Apply flexible tubular elastomeric insulation to pipe and fittings with all joints tightly fitted and sealed with adhesive. Longitudinally split insulation will not be acceptable unless specifically approved in writing by Owner or Engineer.

    C. Apply semi-rigid, high temperature, fiberglass board insulation as recommended by the manufacturer.

    D. Apply flexible high temperature blanket type in two steps. First, cover fitting with 1/2" thick matt only; then apply finished envelope containing 2" thick matt material. Secure envelope using stainless steel or monel bands, hooks, washers, and lacing.

    3.02 INSTALLATION OF PREMOLDED INSULATION (COUPLINGS, VALVES,ELBOWS, TEES, ETC.)

    A. Premolded fitting material (inserts) to be precisely cut or mitered to fit or be tucked snugly into the throat of fitting and edges adjacent to pipe covering, tufted, tucked, taped, etc., to form a fully insulated pipe covering. Use adhesive and/or tape specified for type of insulation to insure a thorough vapor barrier.

    B. Tape or butt ends securely to adjacent pipe covering. Tape to extend over adjacent pipe insulation and have an overlap of at least 1-1/2" on both sides.

    3.03 INSULATION OF REFRIGERATED WALK-IN BOX PENETRATIONS

    A. Insulate all piping and conduit through box ceiling, walls and partitions, using foamed-in-place polyurethane. Finish penetration points using two-piece locking (overlapping) escutcheons fabricated from same quality metal as adjoining surface, and fix in place with galvanized sheet metal screws.

    B. Insulate the following, using 3/4" thick elastomeric pipe insulation, being careful to maintain the integrity of the vapor barrier:

    1. Condensate drain piping. Condensate drain piping from the freezer shall be heat taped prior to installation of insulation.

    3.04 REFRIGERATION MACHINE INSULATION

    A. Centrifugal and Rotary Screw Type Machines:

    1. The evaporator shells shall be insulated with two layers of 3/4" thick flexible sheet elastomeric, total insulation 1-1/2" thick.

    2. Insulation shall be carefully fitted to the curvature of the shell.

    3. Refrigeration lines, chilled water pipe connection housing, cold water lines for lubrication system, purge lines, steel foundation structure and other parts of chiller subject to sweating shall be insulated.

    4. Allowance shall be made for removable of bolts and nuts, such as at flanges and at water box covers by multiple layers of insulation without marring the finish of the insulation, by tapering the insulation in at these points.

    5. Removable, insulated, sheet metal access sections shall be provided over both water boxes.

    6. Insulation shall be finished with two coats of Armaflex white paint.

    B. Absorption Chillers: Insulation shall not be applied until chiller has been installed, operated and adjusted. Refer to manufacturer's recommendations for details.

    1. Insulate evaporator section and all portions subject to sweating as follows:

    a) The evaporator shells shall be insulated with three layers of 1/2" thick flexible sheet elastomeric, total insulation 1-1/2" thick.

    b) Insulation shall be carefully fitted to the curvature of the shell.

    c) Refrigeration lines, chilled water pipe connection housing, cold water lines for lubrication system, purge lines, steel foundation structure and other parts of the chiller subject to sweating shall be insulated.

    d) Allowance shall be made for removal of bolts and nuts, such as at flanges and at water box covers by multiple layers of insulation without marring the finish of the insulation, by tapering the insulation in at these points.

    e) Removable, insulated, sheet metal access sections shall be provided over both water boxes.

    f) Insulation shall be finished with two coats of Armaflex white paint.

    2. Generator/Absorber Section: Consult manufacturer's drawing and comply with the following instructions:

    a) Use bonding agents, iron wires and bands to mount the insulating materials. Never use a tapping process, riveting and so on. Readily demountable insulation should be made for outer equipment and flange section.

    b) Do not embed the moving parts (valve handles) in insulation causing them to contact the insulation.

    c) Arrange so that the insulation thickness for the first stage generator is approximately 2" and that for other parts are approximately 1".

    d) Do not embed the liquid level gauge (sight glass) in insulation.

    e) Do not embed the thermometer and sensing parts of the thermostat in insulation.

    f) Insulate the auxiliary piping and instrument piping by winding glass wool around them. Avoid embedding pipe connections as much as possible (to facilitate inspection for gas leaks when conducting Nitrogen pressure and vacuum tests).

    g) Do not embed pump motor in insulation.

    END OF SECTION