Rembco - Slope Stabilization

Soil nailing is a new field having moved to the US from Europe only twelve or fifteen years ago. About five years ago, the FHWA required that the process be looked at as an alternative technology on all large highway projects because it is so often the lower cost that conventional techniques. The slope stabilization references mentioned here have been selected as the most advanced thinking and they leave out publications which are not as important.

Soil Nailing - Rembco Literature

"Excavating, OSHA-Style" Civil Engineering reprint (1991), Berry, Richard M. Berry. The article reviews two projects which provide both horizontal and vertical support to excavations. The projects were constructed very rapidly and had low construction costs.

"Application of Earth Inclusions for Slope Stabilization", Drumm, Eric ; Mauldon, Matthew and Berry, Richard (1997), Final Report to the DOE (Bureau of Mines). This is a report on the stabilization of a mine waste slope subject to continual failure. The slope location was in Windrock Mountain, TN.

"Instrumentation and monitoring of a nailed mine-waste slope" (1996), Drumm, Eric; Tant, Ray; Mauldon, Matthew, and Berry, Richard Earth Reinforcement Balkema, p741. This publication describes the instrumentation used on project referenced above.

"Clay over Karst" (1995) This reprint has section on soil nailing and anchoring at the Karst interface. Reprint of a paper by Denise Griffin and Richard Berry from the proceedings of the Fifth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes.

Soil Nailing - Other Current References

"Recommendations Clouterre" (Soil Nailing Recommendations) (1991) Schlosser, Francois, Ed., available from US Department of Transportation, NTIS No. PB94-109980. This report by the French remains the most inclusive guide to the principles, design equations, and early application of soil nailing technology in Europe where it was invented.

"SNAIL Program", Caltrans, Program and Users Manual, current version available from Caltrans Division of New Technology, Transportation Materials and Research, Sacramento, CA. This is a computer design program developed by Caltrans and available free of charge from them along with their operating manual. Caltrans still uses the program within the state and to check work developed using other computer programs.

Juran, Ilan and Elias, Victor (1991), "Soil Nailing for Stabilization of Highway Slopes and Excavations, Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-RD-89-193. This publication was the first comprehensive design guideline published by FHWA in the interest of standardizing design methods and review methods for federally funded projects.

"Manual for Design & Construction Monitoring of Soil Nail Walls", (1996) Federal Highway Administration, available from Department of Transportation, NTIS No. PB97-136659. This is the present “bible” used as a guideline for federal projects. It has been adopted by many states as a manual of practice while it is not.

An excellent review and an additional reference list is contained in an ASCE Committee Report "Soil Nailed Retaining Structures" (1997) Ground Improvement, Ground Reinforcement, Ground Treatment, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 69, Section 2.8, p201.

Slope Soil Nailing - Important Historic Stabilization and Current Documents

Munfakh, G.A. Abramson, L. W Barksdale, R D and Juran, I (1987) "In-Situ Ground Reinforcement : Soil Nailing" Soil Improvement - A Ten Year Update ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 12, p18.

Plumelle, C; Schlosser, F; Delage, P and Knochenmus, G (1990) "French National Research Project on Soil Nailing: CLOUTERRE" Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures ASCE Geotechnical Publication No.25, p660.

Stocker, Manfred F and Riedinger, Georg (1990) "The Bearing Behavior of Nailed Retaining Structures" Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 25, p612.

Hanna, Sherif; Juran, Ilan; Levy, Ofer and Benslimane, Aomar "Recent Developments in Soil-Nailing - Design and Practice" Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, p259

Juran, Ilan; Baurand, George; Farrag and Elias, Victor (1990) "Kinematic Limit Analysis for Design of Soil Nailed Structures" Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 116, No. 1, p54.

Thompson, Steven R and Miller, Ian R (1990) "Design, Construction and Performance of a Soil Nailed Wall in Seattle, Washington" Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 25, p629.

Long, J H; Sieczkowski, W F; Chow, E and Cording, E J (1990) "Stability Analyses for Soil Nailed Walls" Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 25, p676.

Schlosser, F; Unterreiner, P and Plumelle, C (1992) "French Research Program CLOUTERRE on Soil Nailing" Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 30, p739.

Byrne, John R (1992) "Soil Nailing: A Simplified Kinematic Analysis" Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 30, p751.

Ehrlich, Mauricio and Mitchell, James K. (1994) "Working Stress Design Method for Reinforced Soil Walls" Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE Vol. 120, No. 4, p625.

Cheng, Suang S and Hansen, Lawrence A (1994) "Design, Construction and Performance of a Soil Nailed Wall in Puerto Rico" Serviceability of Earth Retaining Structures, ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 42, p1.

Baker, D A (1994) "Soil nailing in weathered Keuper Marl" Ground Engineering Jan/Feb. 94, p28.

Barley, Tony (1999) "Controlling Factor (in soil nailing)" Ground Engineering Feb. 99, p12.